Seborrheic keratosis is a benign skin condition characterized by the development of waxy, raised, and often dark-colored growths on the surface of the skin.

These lesions may appear suddenly and are typically found on the face, chest, back, or shoulders. While they may resemble warts or even skin cancer, seborrheic keratoses are harmless and non-contagious. The condition is more common with age and is not associated with any serious health risks.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of seborrheic keratosis is not known, but several factors contribute to its development. Genetics seem to play a major role, as the condition often runs in families. In addition, aging is a major risk factor, with most cases occurring in people over 40. Prolonged sun exposure may also be associated with the appearance of these skin growths, although seborrheic keratoses can develop in areas that are rarely exposed to sunlight.

Common Symptoms

Seborrheic keratoses present as slightly elevated skin growths that vary in color from light tan to black. They may be round or oval, and their texture can be smooth, waxy, or rough like a wart. Often described as looking “stuck on” to the skin, these lesions can grow to be several centimeters in diameter. While they are usually painless, some people may experience itching or irritation, especially if the growth is in a high-friction area or gets scratched or rubbed.

How is Seborrheic Keratosis Diagnosed?

A dermatologist can typically diagnose seborrheic keratosis with a visual inspection. In most cases, no further testing is required. However, if the growth has unusual characteristics, such as rapid change in size, irregular borders, or bleeding, a biopsy may be performed to rule out skin cancer or other skin conditions. This involves removing a small piece of the lesion for analysis under a microscope.

Treatment Options

Since seborrheic keratosis is benign, treatment is not medically necessary unless the lesion causes discomfort, irritation, or cosmetic concern. A number of removal techniques are available:

• Cryotherapy: Thisinvolves freezing the growth with liquid nitrogen, causing it to fall off over time.


• Curettage: The lesion is gently scraped off using a special surgical instrument.


• Electrosurgery: The growth is burned off using electric current.


• Laser Therapy: A focused laser beam is used to remove the lesion with minimal damage to surrounding skin.

These procedures are generally safe and performed under local anesthesia. Healing time is short, and scarring is usually minimal. Over-the-counter creams and home remedies are not typically effective in removing seborrheic keratoses and are not recommended as primary treatments.

Can Seborrheic Keratosis Be Prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent seborrheic keratosis, especially if it is inherited. However, practicing good skin care, avoiding prolonged sun exposure, and regularly checking the skin for new or changing lesions may help manage the condition. Wearing sunscreen daily and moisturizing your skin can help maintain overall skin health, which may reduce irritation from existing growths.

When to See a Dermatologist

While seborrheic keratoses are usually harmless, it is important to consult a dermatologist if you notice any sudden changes in the appearance of a skin lesion. Warning signs include rapid growth, bleeding, itching, irregular borders, or a mix of colors. These signs could indicate a more serious skin condition, such as melanoma, and require immediate medical attention.

Living with Seborrheic Keratosis

For most people, seborrheic keratosis is simply a cosmetic concern. The growths may be bothersome or embarrassing, especially if they appear in visible areas like the face or neck. Fortunately, removal is straightforward and safe in a clinical setting. Managing the condition includes staying informed, monitoring skin changes, and seeking medical advice when necessary.

Conclusion

Seborrheic keratosis is a common and benign skin condition that often affects older adults. While its appearance may be alarming, the lesions are non-cancerous and can be removed safely if desired. Understanding the nature of seborrheic keratosis, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring treatment options with a healthcare provider can help ensure peace of mind and optimal skin health.