An age-related macular degeneration (AMD) diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but it's important to know that while there is no cure, there are many effective treatment options available. The goal of treatment is to slow the progression of the disease, manage your symptoms, and help you maintain your independence. The right approach depends on whether you have the "dry" or "wet" form of AMD. Let's break down the treatments so you can work with your eye care specialist to create a plan that's right for you.
Treating Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry AMD is the most common form of the disease. It progresses slowly, and while there are no treatments to restore vision that has already been lost, there are now ways to slow the progression of the disease.
- AREDS2 Nutritional Supplements: For people with intermediate-stage dry AMD, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) found that a specific combination of vitamins and minerals can reduce the risk of the disease progressing to an advanced stage. The formula includes a mix of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, and copper. Talk to your doctor to see if this supplement regimen is right for you.
- New Medications for Advanced Dry AMD: For the advanced form of dry AMD known as geographic atrophy (GA), new medications like Syfovre (pegcetacoplan) and Izervay (avacincaptad pegol) have been approved. These drugs are administered via eye injections and work by targeting the immune system to slow the growth of the lesions that cause vision loss. While they do not restore vision, they can help preserve it for a longer period.
- Photobiomodulation (PBM): This is a new, non-invasive therapy that uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate cellular processes in the retina. PBM is being explored as a way to reduce inflammation and promote cell health, with some studies showing promising results for improving visual acuity in dry AMD patients.
Treating Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet AMD is less common but can cause more rapid and severe vision loss. Thegood news is that there are highly effective treatments to stop the growth of the abnormal blood vessels that cause it.
- Anti-VEGF Injections: This is the most common and effective treatment for wet AMD. Drugs such as Eylea, Lucentis, and Beovu are injected directly into the eye after it's been numbed. These medications block a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is responsible for the growth of the leaky blood vessels. The injections help stop the bleeding and fluid leakage, often stabilizing or even improving vision. You will likely need these injections regularly to maintain the benefits.
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): This treatment is sometimes used in combination with anti-VEGF injections. It involves injecting a light-sensitive drug into a vein, which travels to the abnormal blood vessels in the eye. A special laser is then used to activate the drug, causing the vessels to close and stop leaking.
Supportive Care and Low Vision Rehabilitation
Even with effective treatments, AMD can lead to significant central vision loss. Low vision rehabilitation is a critical part of living well with the condition. A low vision specialist can help you find tools and strategies to adapt.
- Magnifying Devices: Use magnifiers for reading and close-up tasks. These can be hand-held, worn like glasses, or integrated into electronic devices.
- Improved Lighting: Better lighting in your home can make it easier to see and reduce the risk of falls.
- Digital Tools: Adjusting font sizes and contrast on computers and smartphones, or using voice recognition features, can help you stay connected and independent.
Final Thoughts on Your Eye Health
While an AMD diagnosis can be unsettling, it is not a reason to lose hope. The field of ophthalmology is constantly evolving, with new and effective treatments being developed. By working closely with your eye care team, following your treatment plan, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can take control of your condition. With the right support and tools, you can manage AMD and continue to live an active and fulfilling life.